选取统计分析方法的一般性原则。 下面的表格根据自变量的性质,因变量的个数,相应给出一般性的分析方法可供选择。
Below are general guidelines for choosing a statistical analysis. Usually data could be analyzed in multiple ways, each of which could yield legitimate answers. The table below covers a number of common analyses and helps you choose among them based on the number of dependent variables , the nature of your independent variables .
下表显示选择统计分析的一般指导。这只是一般指导不是硬性规定。以因变量为主线结合自变量种类和因变量种类进行划分。 避免因为因变量自变量区分不清带来的麻烦。
Choosing the Correct Statistical Test
Number of |
Number |
Type |
Type |
Measure |
Test(s) |
1 |
0 |
continuous normal |
not applicable |
mean |
one-sample t-test |
continuous non-normal |
median |
one-sample median |
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categorical |
proportions |
Chi Square goodness-of-fit, binomial test |
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1 |
normal |
2 categories |
mean |
2 independent sample t-test |
|
non-normal |
medians |
Mann Whitney, |
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categorical |
proportions |
Chi square test |
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0 |
normal |
not applicable/ |
means |
paired t-test |
|
non-normal |
medians |
Wilcoxon signed ranks test |
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categorical |
proportions |
McNemar, Chi-square test |
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1 |
normal |
categorical |
means |
one-way ANOVA |
|
non-normal |
medians |
Kruskal Wallis |
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categorical |
proportions |
Chi square test |
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2 or more |
normal |
categorical |
means |
Factorial ANOVA |
|
non-normal |
medians |
Friedman test |
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categorical |
proportions |
log-linear, logistic regression |
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0 |
normal |
not applicable |
means |
Repeated measures ANOVA |
|
1 |
normal |
continuous |
correlation |
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non-normal |
non-parametric correlation |
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categorical |
categorical or continuous |
logistic regression |
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continuous |
discriminant analysis |
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2 or more |
normal |
continuous |
multiple linear regression |
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non-normal |
|
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categorical |
logistic regression |
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normal |
mixed categorical and continuous |
Analysis of Covariance |
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non-normal |
|
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categorical |
logistic regression |
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2 |
2 or more |
normal |
categorical |
MANOVA |
|
2 or more |
2 or more |
normal |
continuous |
multivariate multiple linear regression |
|
2 sets of |
0 |
normal |
not applicable |
canonical correlation |
|
2 or more |
0 |
normal |
not applicable |
factor analysis |
自变量类别 |
因变量类别 |
方法 |
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一个 |
没有自变量 (一个总体) |
尺度和名义 |
单样本T检验 |
|
次序或尺度 |
单样本中位数检验 |
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分类(两个类别) |
二项检验 |
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分类 |
卡方优度拟合 |
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一个自变量两个水平 (独立分组) |
尺度和名义 |
两独立样本T检验 |
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次序或尺度 |
Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney 检验 |
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分类 |
卡方检验 |
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Fisher精确检验 |
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一个自变量两个以上水平 (独立分组) |
尺度和名义 |
单因素方差分析 |
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次序或尺度 |
Kruskal Wallis |
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分类 |
卡方检验 |
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一个自变量两个水平 (独立/匹配分组) |
尺度和名义 |
成对T检验 |
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次序或尺度 |
Wilcoxon符号秩检验 |
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分类 |
McNemar |
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一个自变量两个以上水平 (独立/匹配分组) |
尺度和名义 |
单因素重复测量方差分析 |
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次序或尺度 |
Friedman 检验 |
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分类 |
重复测量逻辑回归 |
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两个以上自变量 (独立分组) |
尺度和名义 |
因子方差分析 |
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次序或尺度 |
|
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分类 |
因子逻辑回归 |
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一个尺度自变量 |
尺度和名义 |
相关分析 |
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简单线形回归 |
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次序或尺度 |
非参数相关分析 |
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分类 |
简单逻辑回归 |
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一个或多个尺度自变量或 一个或多个分类自变量 |
尺度和名义 |
多重回归 |
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方差分析 |
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分类 |
多重逻辑回归 |
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判别分析 |
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两个以上 |
一个自变量两个以上水平 (独立分组) |
尺度和名义 |
单因素多元方差分析 |
|
两个或两个以上自变量 |
尺度和名义 |
多元多重线性回归 |
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两个以上 的两个集 |
没有自变量 |
尺度和名义 |
典型相关分析 |
|
两个以上 |
没有自变量 |
尺度和名义 |
因子分析 |
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